1、Saying what a text is about?如何描述文章的內容
英文用法：The?book is?about?homeless people in the cities.?
中文翻譯：這本書(shū)寫(xiě)的是城市中無(wú)家可歸的人們。
英文用法：The?report?deals with?the issue of?homelessness in London.?
中文翻譯：這篇報道是關(guān)于倫敦的無(wú)家可歸問(wèn)題。
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英文用法：The?writer?discusses the problems faced by?homeless people.?
中文翻譯：作者討論了無(wú)家可歸者面臨的種種問(wèn)題。
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英文用法：The?article?presents an overview of?the issues?surrounding homelessness.?
中文翻譯：這篇文章概述了有關(guān)無(wú)家可歸的種種問(wèn)題。
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英文用法：The?novel?explores the theme of?friendship among homeless people.?
中文翻譯：這部小說(shuō)探究了無(wú)家可歸的人之間的友誼這個(gè)主題。
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英文用法：The first chapter?examines?the relationship between homelessness and drug addiction.?
中文翻譯：第一章考察了無(wú)家可歸與吸毒成癮之間的關(guān)系。
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英文用法：The?paper?considers?the question of why so many young people become homeless.?
中文翻譯：這篇論文論述了為何如此多的年輕人變得無(wú)家可歸的問(wèn)題。
2、Reporting someone's opinion 陳述某人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)
英文用法：Photography is,?according to?Vidal, the art form of untalented people.?
中文翻譯：據維達爾所言，攝影是沒(méi)有天賦的人的藝術(shù)形式。
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英文用法：For?Vidal, photography is the art form of untalented people.?
中文翻譯：對維達爾來(lái)說(shuō)，攝影是沒(méi)有天賦的人的藝術(shù)形式。
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英文用法：His?view is that?photography is not art but merely the mechanical reproduction of images.?
中文翻譯：他的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是攝影不是藝術(shù)，而只是機械地復制圖像。
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英文用法：Smith?takes the view that?photography is both an art and a science.?
中文翻譯：史密斯所持的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是：攝影既是一門(mén)藝術(shù)也是一門(mén)科學(xué)。
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英文用法：In?Brown's?view, photography should be treated as a legitimate art in its own right.?
中文翻譯：在布朗看來(lái)，攝影本身就應該被視為一種正當的藝術(shù)。
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英文用法：James?is of the opinion that?a good painter can always be a good photographer if he or she so decides.?
中文翻譯：詹姆斯認為一個(gè)好的畫(huà)家定能成為一個(gè)好的攝影師，只要他／她一心這樣做。
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英文用法：Emerson?believed that?a photograph should only reflect what the human eye can see.?
中文翻譯：埃默森認為照片應該只是反映人們肉眼所能見(jiàn)到的東西。
3、Adding another item 補充說(shuō)明
英文用法：Bilingual children do better in IQ tests than children who speak only one language.?In addition/What is more, they seem to find it easier to learn?third?or even fourth languages.?
中文翻譯：講兩種語(yǔ)言的兒童比只講一種語(yǔ)言的兒童智商測試得分更高。此外／而且，講兩種 語(yǔ)言的兒童似乎在學(xué)習第三甚至第四種語(yǔ)言時(shí)覺(jué)得更容易。
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英文用法：Learning another language?not only?improves children's job prospects in later?life,?but also?boosts their self-esteem.?
中文翻譯：學(xué)習另一種語(yǔ)言不僅可以提升兒童未來(lái)的職業(yè)前景，而且可以增強他們的自尊心。
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英文用法：Teaching children a second language improves their job prospects in later life.?Other?benefits?include?increased self-esteem and greater tolerance of other cultures.?
中文翻譯：教兒童第二語(yǔ)言可以提升他們未來(lái)的職業(yè)前景。此外，還可以使他們獲得更強的自 信心，對其他文化更包容。
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英文用法：Another/One further/One additional?reason for encouraging bilingual education is that it boosts children's self-esteem.?
中文翻譯：另一個(gè)鼓勵雙語(yǔ)教育的原因是它能增強兒童的自尊心。
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英文用法：Studies suggest that bilingual children find it easier to learn additional languages. There is,?moreover, increasing evidence that bilingual children perform better across a range of school subjects, not just foreign languages.?
中文翻譯：研究表明，講兩種語(yǔ)言的兒童學(xué)習其他語(yǔ)言覺(jué)得更容易。此外，越來(lái)越多的證據表 明，講兩種語(yǔ)言的兒童不僅在外語(yǔ)學(xué)習上，同時(shí)在其他各門(mén)學(xué)科的學(xué)習上都表現得 更好。
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英文用法：His claim that children find bilingual education confusing is based on very little evidence.?Moreover, the evidence he does provide is seriously flawed.?
中文翻譯：他認為雙語(yǔ)教育會(huì )使兒童感到迷惑的說(shuō)法幾乎是沒(méi)有依據的。況且，他僅有的證據 也是有嚴重缺陷的。
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英文用法：Research has shown that first-language development is not impeded by exposure to a second language.?Furthermore, there is no evidence to support the claim that children find bilingual education confusing.?
中文翻譯：研究已經(jīng)表明，接觸第二語(yǔ)言不會(huì )妨礙第一語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展。而且，沒(méi)有證據支持雙語(yǔ) 教育使兒童感到迷惑這種說(shuō)法。
4、Verbs for reporting an opinion 陳述觀(guān)點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞
英文用法：Some critics?argue that?Picasso remained a great master all his life.
中文翻譯：?一些評論家認為畢加索畢生都是一位大師。
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英文用法：Others?maintain?that there is a significant deterioration in quality in his post-war work.?
中文翻譯：其他人堅稱(chēng)他戰后的作品質(zhì)量明顯下降。
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英文用法：Picasso himself?claimed?that good art is created, but great art is stolen.?
中文翻譯：畢加索自己聲稱(chēng)，好的藝術(shù)是創(chuàng )造出來(lái)的，偉大的藝術(shù)卻是偷來(lái)的。
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英文用法：As?Smith has?noted, Picasso borrowed imagery from African art.?
中文翻譯：正如史密斯所述，畢加索借用了非洲藝術(shù)的意象。
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英文用法：As?the author?points out, Picasso borrowed imagery from African art.?
中文翻譯：正如作者指出的那樣，畢加索借用了非洲藝術(shù)的意象。
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英文用法：The writer?challenges the notion that?Picasso's sculpture was secondary to his painting.?
中文翻譯：作者對這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)表示質(zhì)疑，即畢加索的雕塑不及他的繪畫(huà)。
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英文用法：It has been suggested that?Picasso's painting was influenced by jazz music.?
中文翻譯：據說(shuō)畢加索的繪畫(huà)受到爵士樂(lè )的影響。
5、Explaining reasons 解釋原因
英文用法：The number of people with diabetes is growing, partly?because of?an increase in levels of obesity.?
中文翻譯：患糖尿病的人數不斷上升，部份原因是肥胖人數增加。
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英文用法：The number of overweight children has increased dramatically in recent years, largely?as a result of?changes in diet and lifestyle.?
中文翻譯：近年來(lái)肥胖兒童的數量急劇上升，很大程度上是由飲食和生活方式的改變引起的。
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英文用法：The increase in childhood obesity is largely?due to/the result of?changes in lifestyle and diet over the last twenty years.?
中文翻譯：肥胖兒童人數的增多主要是過(guò)去二十年來(lái)飲食和生活方式的改變所致。
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英文用法：Many obese children are bullied at school?on account of?their weight.?
中文翻譯：許多肥胖兒童因為其體重問(wèn)題在學(xué)校受到欺負。
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英文用法：Part of the problem with treating childhood obesity?stems from the fact that?parents do not always recognize that their children are obese.?
中文翻譯：治療肥胖兒童的困難部份源自父母有時(shí)并不認為自己的孩子肥胖。
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英文用法：Childhood obesity may be?caused by?genetic factors, as well as environmental ones.?
中文翻譯：兒童肥胖既可能由環(huán)境因素引起，也可能是遺傳因素所致。
6、X causes Y * X 導致 Y
英文用法：Childhood obesity can?cause/lead to?long-term health problems.?
中文翻譯：兒童肥胖可能導致長(cháng)期的健康問(wèn)題。
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英文用法：Changes in lifestyle and diet over the last twenty years have?caused/led to/resulted in?a sharp increase in childhood obesity.?
中文翻譯：過(guò)去二十年生活方式及飲食的變化導致肥胖兒童數量急劇上升。
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英文用法：Several factors, including changes in diet and lifestyle,?have contributed to?the increase in childhood obesity.?
中文翻譯：包括飲食及生活方式變化在內的多個(gè)因素促使肥胖兒童數量增加。
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英文用法：Research suggests that fast food and soft drinks directly?contribute to?childhood obesity.?
中文翻譯：研究表明快餐和軟飲料會(huì )直接導致兒童肥胖。
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英文用法：Genetics, lifestyle?and?diet are?all?important?factors?in cases of childhood obesity.?
中文翻譯：基因、生活方式和飲食都是造成兒童肥胖的重要因素。
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英文用法：Even small changes in lifestyle and diet can?bring about?significant weight loss.?
中文翻譯：甚至生活方式及飲食的細微變化都可能帶來(lái)明顯的體重下降。
7、Summing up an argument 總結論點(diǎn)
英文用法：In conclusion, the study has provided useful insights into the issues relating to people's perception of crime.?
中文翻譯：綜上所述，本研究為人們對犯罪活動(dòng)的認識問(wèn)題提供了有益的見(jiàn)解。
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英文用法：Based on this study,?it can be concluded that?the introduction of new street lighting did not reduce reported crime.?
中文翻譯：基于這項研究可以得出這樣的結論：增加街道照明設備并沒(méi)有使犯罪案件報案數 量減少。
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英文用法：To sum up, no evidence can be found to support the view that improved street lighting reduces reported crime.?
中文翻譯：總而言之，沒(méi)有證據表明街道照明的改進(jìn)能使犯罪案件報案數量減少。
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英文用法：The?available evidence?clearly leads to the conclusion that?the media do have an influence on the public perception of crime.?
中文翻譯：現有證據顯然可以得出這一結論：公眾對犯罪活動(dòng)的認識確實(shí)受到媒體的影響。
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英文用法：The main conclusion to be drawn from this study?is that public perception of crime is significantly influenced by crime news reporting.?
中文翻譯：本研究可以得出的一個(gè)主要結論是：公眾對犯罪活動(dòng)的認識受到犯罪新聞報道的 很大影響。
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英文用法：This?study has shown that?people's fear of crime is out of all proportion to?crime?itself.?
中文翻譯：本研究表明，人們對犯罪活動(dòng)的恐懼與犯罪活動(dòng)本身并不相稱(chēng)。
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英文用法：Fear of crime is out of all proportion to the actual level of crime, and the reasons for?this can be summarized as follows. First…
中文翻譯：對犯罪活動(dòng)的恐懼與實(shí)際犯罪水平并不相稱(chēng)，其原因可歸結為以下幾點(diǎn)。 第一，…
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英文用法：Overall/In general, women are more likely than men to feel insecure walking alone after dark.?
中文翻譯：一般情況下，天黑后獨自行走，女人比男人更容易感到不安全。